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راز آدمک های آویزان از درخت در نقوش قدیمی چیست - گلچه فرش
آدمک های آویزان از درخت چه راز سر به مهری دارند؟ آیا آنها کیفر کردار خود را دیدهاند و زنان قالیباف این صحنه را در فرش یا گلیم خود گره زدهاند؟
تفسیرهای گوناگونی در این رابطه نقل میشود که گاهی غیرقابل باور و برخی هم منطقی و ملموسترند.
نقوش ۸ آدمک که از شاخههای درختی آویزان هستند در گلیم قدیمی متعلق به بویین زهرای قزوین شاید برای کسی که با داستانهای فرش آشنا نباشد کمی ترسناک بنظر برسد ولی به گفته یوسف صمدی بهرامی، استاد دانشگاه هنر تهران در زمینه فرش، این نقوش نشان از زندگی و برکت هستند.
یوسف صمدی بهرامی در تفسیر آدمک هایی که گویی از شاخههای درخت آویزان شدهاند، چنین میگوید: «تعبیر من از این نقشه مثبت است. درخت نماد جاوداندگی و برکت است که انسان طبق اسطورهها، خود را زاییده از گیاه میداند. این آدمکها احتمالا خانواده بافنده است که در پناه درخت برکت و جاودانگی را آرزو میکند.
آدمکها از درخت آویزان نیستند و به دلیل اینکه در متن جای زیادی وجود ندارد اینطور به نظر میرسد که آدمک ها از درخت آویزان هستند ولی در واقع چنین نیست و آنها در سایه درخت در حمایت آن هستند.»
باید گفت درخت در فرهنگ اساطیری ما جایگاه ویژه و البته مقدسی دارد. معمولا مهمترین نمادهایی که در نقوش فرش های عشایری استفاده شده بهرهگیری بافندگان از اسطورههای کهن ایرانی و یاری جستن از نیروهای آنان است.
بر اساس باور آنان اهورا و مزدا این جهان را همچون یک کاسه آب آفرید و روی آن را حباب کشید تا از بلا به دور باشد و سپس ۲ درخت زندگی یکی برای این دنیا و یکی برای دنیا دیگر در دل آن کاشت. آنها عقیده داشتند کل حیات دنیا از این ۲ درخت است. در ادامه این افسانه آمده که اهریمن از خارج از حباب زنجیر خود را باز میکند و با شکستن حباب وارد این دنیا میشود.
از ارتعاش آن کوه البرز و از البرز کوههای دیگر بوجود میآیند. اهریمن «چلباسه» را که نوعی مارمولک است مامور میکند به زیرآب برود و ریشه درخت حیات را قطع کند. اهوار و مزدا هم ماهی را نگهبان درخت حیات میکند و به همین خاطر است که نماد ماهی در بیشتر فرشهای عشایری بافته شده نشان از نگهبان بودن ماهی از زندگی و حیات است.
دکمه بازگشت به بالا